Table 5.

Short-range positioning techniques that satisfy local battlefield positioning conditions.

	Range	Error	Cost	Applicability	Restriction
Inertial components	1–100 m	<1% [124]	Low	Strong anti-interference ability; high utilization rate	Data processing; errors accumulate over time
Ultrasonic	1–10 m	<20.2 cm [127]	High	Correction of inertial data; improvement of relative coordinates	Signal attenuates significantly in harsh environments
UWB	1–50 m	<2 cm [123]	High	High penetration; high precision	Miniaturization of positioning devices
RFID	1–50 m	<10 cm [122]	Low	Strong anti-interference ability	Hard to integrate with other systems