Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed leptospirosis from 12 hospital-based sites in Thailand, 2017.
| Characteristics | Severe Leptospirosis n (%) or Median (IQR) N = 33 |
Non-Severe Leptospirosis n (%) or Median (IQR) N = 11 |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and behavior | |||
| Age | 44 | 47 | 0.26 |
| Male gender | 27 (81.8) | 7 (63.6) | 0.21 |
| Alcohol consumption | 25 (75.8) | 7 (63.6) | 0.43 |
| Cigarette smoking | 21 (63.6) | 5 (45.5) | 0.29 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Acute fever | 31 (96.9) | 10 (90.9) | 0.42 |
| Chill | 29 (87.9) | 5 (45.5) | 0.004 |
| Myalgia | 26 (78.8) | 7 (63.6) | 0.31 |
| Calf pain | 23 (69.7) | 4 (36.4) | 0.08 * |
| Severe headache | 25 (75.8) | 6 (54.6) | 0.18 |
| Stiff neck | 11 (34.5) | 2 (18.2) | 0.46 |
| Conjunctival suffusion | 16 (48.5) | 0 | 0.003 * |
| Jaundice | 19 (57.6) | 0 | 0.0009 * |
| Dry cough | 15 (45.5) | 4 (36.4) | 0.73 * |
| Cough blood-tinged sputum | 5 (15.2) | 0 | 0.31 * |
| Hemoptysis | 1 (3.0) | 0 | 1.00 * |
| Breathlessness | 18 (54.6) | 1 (9.1) | 0.01 * |
| Vomiting blood | 2 (6.1) | 0 | Not valid |
| Melena | 2 (6.1) | 1 (10.0) | 0.56 * |
| Dark urine | 18 (54.6) | 1 (9.1) | Not valid |
| Oliguria | 13 (39.47) | 0 | 0.02 * |
| Having underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc. | 11 (33.4) | 4 (36.4) | 1.00 * |
| Days between date of onset and date of admission | 4.0 (4.0) | 4.0 (3.0) | 0.62 |
| Death | 1 (3.0) | 0 | 1.00 * |
* Statistics by Fisher Exact test.