Table 3.
Risk factors for acute exacerbation in pulmonary and non-pulmonary surgeries
| Charactaristics | Pulmonary surgeries | Non-pulmonary surgeries | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | P value | OR | (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, median | 0.997 | (0.941–1.094) | p = 0.940 | 0.951 | (0.868–1.057) | p = 0.332 |
| Sex Male −/a | 1.261 | (0.179–25.09) | p = 0.835 | NC | NC | NC |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.817 | (0.601–1.055) | p = 0.129 | 1.114 | (0.855–1.438) | p = 0.414 |
| History of smoking a/− | 1.779 | (0.586–20.47) | p = 0.224 | 1.099 | (0.103–26.63 | p = 0.944 |
| IPF or other IP, IPF | 6.618 | (0.949–131.1) | p = 0.569 | 2.299 | (0.272–19.40) | p = 0.415 |
| Corticosteroid therapy −/a | 35.750 | (1.267–1026) | p = 0.039† | 0.517 | (0.044–1.570) | p = 0.176 |
| Past acute exacerbation −/a | 36.250 | (1.285–1040) | p = 0.038† | 2.039 | (0.174–6.686) | p = 1.000 |
| HRCT findings | ||||||
| UIP pattern | 4.343 | (0.624–86.00) | p = 0.146 | 1.242 | (0.147–10.46) | p = 0.830 |
| Emphysema | 4.000 | (0.575–79.20) | p = 0.172 | 1.740 | (0.206–14.67) | p = 0.585 |
| Pulmonary function test | ||||||
| %VC | 0.985 | (0.931–1.039) | p = 0.582 | 0.978 | (0.924–1.035) | p = 0.445 |
| %VC < 80% | 2.115 | (0.096–22.89) | p = 0.566 | 1.508 | (0.069–16.02) | p = 0.745 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.986 | (0.894–1.101) | p = 0.791 | 1.014 | (0.915–1.157) | p = 0.820 |
| %DLCO | 1.039 | (0.995–1.087) | p = 0.081 | 1.000 | (0.997–1.003) | p = 0.946 |
| KL-6 | 1.000 | (0.999–1.001) | p = 0.469 | 1.000 | (0.997–1.003) | p = 0.601 |
| KL-6 > 1000 U/mL −/a | 1.150 | (0.058–8.193) | p = 0.904 | 3.765 | (0.857–45.74) | p = 0.113 |
| LDH | 1.012 | (0.995–1.027) | p = 0.153 | 1.004 | (0.999–1.007) | p = 0.125 |
| CRP | 1.126 | (0.844–1.345) | p = 0.324 | 1.187 | (1.073–1.344) | p = 0.002† |
| JACS risk score | 1.554 | (0.983–2.780) | p = 0.061 | 1.363 | (0.779–2.301) | p = 0.261 |
| Emergency surgery | NC | NC | NC | 8.363 | (0.396–71.64) | p = 0.139 |
| Tumor surgery | 0.855 | (0.138–6.643) | p = 0.867 | 1.391 | (0.165–11.72) | p = 0.743 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy a/− | 2.936 | (0.235–14.01) | p = 1.000 | 9.909 | (0.375–262.9) | p = 0.144 |
| Anesthesia time | 1.002 | (0.993–1.009) | p = 0.733 | 1.002 | (0.996–1.006) | p = 0.406 |
| Amount of bleeding | 0.999 | (0.992–1.003) | p = 0.778 | 1.000 | (0.998–1.000) | p = 0.866 |
| Lung infection a/a | 1.088 | (0.093–3.421) | p = 1.000 | 1.912 | (0.164–6.234) | p = 1.000 |
| (surgical complication) | ||||||
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NC not calculable, BMI body mass index, IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HRCT high solution computed tomography, UIP usual interstitial pneumonia, VC vital capacity, FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity, DLCO diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, KL-6 Klebs von den Lungen-6, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CRP C-reactive protein, JACS Japanese association for chest surgery
†; P value < 0.05, Logistic regression analysis, aPenalized Firth correction applied due to quasi-complete data separation