Table 1. Estimated Parameters for a Multilevel Model Assessing the Association Between Screen Time and Depression.
| Predictors | Depression Symptoms, Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Socioeconomic statusa | −0.15 (−0.24 to −0.07) |
| Sexa | −2.79 (−3.14 to −2.45) |
| Social media | |
| Between-person | 0.64 (0.48 to 0.81) |
| Within-person | 0.41 (0.32 to 0.51) |
| Video gaming | |
| Between-person | 0.15 (−0.01 to 0.31) |
| Within-person | 0.02 (−0.07 to 0.10) |
| Television | |
| Between-person | −0.22 (0.40 to −0.05) |
| Within-person | 0.18 (0.09 to 0.27) |
| Computer use | |
| Between-person | 0.69 (0.47 to 0.91) |
| Within-person | 0.09 (−0.01 to 0.19) |
a
Estimates were calculated using unstandardized β. Sex was coded as 0 (female) and 1 (male). Socioeconomic was coded on a range of 0 (lower) to 10 (higher).