Table 1.
Statistical effect of 12 h treatment of primary goat mammary epithelial cells with a PPARγ agonist (i.e., 50 μM Rosiglitazone) and antagonist (i.e., 50 μM GW9662) on transcription of genes related to milk fat synthesis.
| Transcript | PPARγ * | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Activator | Inhibitor | Target Gene | |
| LCFA Synthesis and Desaturation and TAG Synthesis | |||
| ACACA | No | ↓ (p = 0.09) | Maybe |
| ACSL1 | No | ↓ | Likely |
| AGPAT6 | ↑ | No | Likely not # |
| GPAM | No | ↓ | Likely |
| DGAT1 | No | ↓ (p = 0.06) | Maybe |
| FADS1 | No | No | No |
| FASN | ↑ | ↑ | ?? |
| LPIN1 | No | ↓ | Likely |
| SCD1 | ↑ | No | Yes |
| LCFA Transport | |||
| CD36 | No | No | No |
| FABP3 | No | ↓ | Likely |
| FABP4 | No | No | No |
| LPL | No | ↓ | Likely |
| SLC27A1 | No | ↓ | Likely |
| VLDLR | No | No | No |
| Transcription Regulation | |||
| INSIG1 | No | No | No |
| NCOR1 | No | ↓ | Likely |
| NR1H3 | ↑ | ↓ | Yes |
| PPARD | No | ↓ | Likely |
| PPARG | No | ↓ | Likely |
| RXRA | No | No | No |
| SCAP | No | No | No |
| SREBF1 | No | No | No |
| SREBF2 | No | ↓ | Likely |
| Others | |||
| BDH1 | No | No | No |
| MID1lP1 | No | No | No |
| OXCT1 | No | No | No |
| PLIN2 | ↑ | ↑ (p = 0.11) | Maybe |
* ↑ denotes significant (p < 0.05) upregulation; ↓ denotes significant (p < 0.05) downregulation. The target genes are indicated as: “Maybe” when the transcription of the gene either tended to be affected by the agonist or antagonist; “likely” denotes transcripts for which the basal expression requires PPARγ activation but Rosiglitazone failed to induce further their transcription; and “yes” denotes transcripts that were significantly affected by the agonist and/or antagonist. ‘??’ represents unknown or unclear.