Table 3. Adjusted Odds Ratios of Impaired Lung Function and 4-Year Mean Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations Estimated Using a Spatial Statistical Model Stratified by Breastfed Status.

Pollutant	AOR (95% CI)a,b		P Value for Interaction
	Not Breastfed (n = 1989)	Breastfed (n = 4751)
FVC <85% of predicted value
PM1	2.71 (2.02-3.63)	1.20 (0.97-1.48)	<.001
PM2.5	2.27 (1.79-2.88)	1.26 (1.04-1.51)	<.001
PM10	1.93 (1.58-2.37)	1.46 (1.23-1.73)	.02
NO2	1.87 (1.49-2.36)	1.69 (1.39-2.04)	.45
FEV1 <85% of predicted value
PM1	2.81 (2.02-3.90)	1.46 (1.14-1.87)	.001
PM2.5	2.64 (2.01-3.47)	1.55 (1.25-1.92)	.001
PM10	2.43 (1.93-3.06)	1.81 (1.49-2.20)	.03
NO2	2.58 (1.98-3.36)	2.20 (1.76-2.75)	.31
PEF <75% of predicted value
PM1	1.74 (1.24-2.45)	1.27 (0.97-1.66)	.12
PM2.5	1.56 (1.18-2.08)	1.21 (0.96-1.52)	.14
PM10	1.44 (1.12-1.84)	1.21 (0.98-1.50)	.25
NO2	1.49 (1.13-1.96)	1.32 (1.05-1.67)	.47
MMEF <75% of predicted value
PM1	1.43 (1.06-1.94)	1.23 (0.98-1.54)	.41
PM2.5	1.37 (1.06-1.75)	1.24 (1.02-1.51)	.53
PM10	1.34 (1.08-1.67)	1.29 (1.08-1.55)	.78
NO2	1.37 (1.07-1.75)	1.40 (1.14-1.72)	.88

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration; FVC, forced vital capacity; MMEF, maximum midexpiratory flow rate; NO₂, nitrogen dioxide; PEF, peak expiratory flow rate; PM₁, airborne particulate matter with a diameter ≤1 μm; PM_2.5, airborne particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM₁₀, airborne particulate matter with a diameter ≤10 μm.

^aAdjusted for age, sex, height, birth weight, preterm birth, parental education, annual family income, exercise per week, passive smoke exposure, home coal use, presence of a house pet, home renovation in the past 2 years, area of residence per person, asthma diagnosis, family history of atopy, and short-term air pollution concentrations.

^bEffect expressed for 1–interquartile range change in ambient concentration for each pollutant (PM₁, 13.1 μg/m³; PM_2.5, 10.0 μg/m³; PM₁₀, 13.8 μg/m³; and NO₂, 7.3 μg/m³).