Figure 2.

Optogenetic defibrillation of mouse ventricular tachycardia via patterned illumination. (A) Pattern of optogenetic stimulation designed with three discrete sites simultaneously illuminated (referred to as Triple-barrier illumination strategy), as indicated by the blue traits on the fluorescence image shown in the left panel. The remainder pseudocolored maps show propagation of light-induced excitation in ChR2-expressing transgenic mouse heart, obtained with the red-shifted voltage sensitive dye (Di-4-ANBDQPQ). (B) ECG signal demonstrating interruption of ventricular arrhythmia and restoration of the normal sinusal rhythm upon triple-barrier pattern optogenetic stimulation (modified with permission from Crocini et al.).