Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the recovery of acute kidney injury
| Variable | All patients with AKI (n = 175) | AKI non-recovery group (n = 106) | AKI recovery group (n = 69) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics of AKI | ||||
| AKI stage (initial) | < 0.001 | |||
| Stage 1 | 120/175 (69) | 57/106 (54) | 63/69 (91) | |
| Stage 2 | 25/175 (14) | 20/106 (19) | 5/69 (7) | |
| Stage 3 | 30/175 (17) | 29/106 (27) | 1/69 (2) | |
| AKI stage (highest) | < 0.001 | |||
| Stage 1 | 68/175 (39) | 16/106 (15) | 52/69 (75) | |
| Stage 2 | 30/175 (17) | 20/106 (19) | 10/69 (15) | |
| Stage 3 | 77/175 (44) | 70/106 (66) | 7/69 (10) | |
| Duration of AKI ≥ 4 days | 88/175 (50) | 66/106 (62) | 22/69 (32) | < 0.001 |
| RRT frequency | 45/175 (26) | 41/106 (39) | 4/69 (6) | < 0.001 |
| RRT duration ≥ 4 days | 23/45 (51) | 22/41 (54) | 1/4 (25) | 0.346 |
| †RRT requirements at discharge | 4/8 (50) | 4/6 (67) | 0/2 (0) | 0.429 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Male sex | 117/175 (67) | 70/106 (66) | 47/69 (68) | 0.775 |
| Age ≥ 60 years | 99/175 (57) | 68/106 (64) | 31/69 (45) | 0.012 |
| Weight ≥ 60 kg | 115/174 (66) | 71/105 (68) | 44/69 (64) | 0.600 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Heart failure | 7/172 (4) | 6/104 (6) | 1/68 (2) | 0.247 |
| Hypertension | 84/173 (49) | 56/105 (53) | 28/68 (41) | 0.118 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 50/173 (29) | 37/105 (35) | 13/68 (19) | 0.022 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10/172 (6) | 9/104 (9) | 1/68 (2) | 0.091 |
| Resuscitation | ||||
| Arrest cause | 0.520 | |||
| Medical or uncertain | 141/175 (81) | 88/106 (83) | 53/69 (77) | |
| Trauma | 4/175 (2) | 2/106 (2) | 2/69 (3) | |
| Poisoning | 2/175 (1) | 0/106 (0) | 2/69 (3) | |
| Drowning | 0/175 (0) | 0/106 (0) | 0/69 (0) | |
| Asphyxia | 28/175 (16) | 16/106 (15) | 12/69 (17) | |
| Arrest location | 0.680 | |||
| Home | 87/175 (50) | 57/106 (54) | 30/69 (44) | |
| Workplace | 7/175 (4) | 1/106 (1) | 6/69 (9) | |
| Sport | 1/175 (1) | 0/106 (0) | 1/69 (1) | |
| Street | 46/175 (26) | 27/106 (26) | 19/69 (28) | |
| Public building | 32/175 (18) | 19/106 (18) | 13/69 (19) | |
| Nursing home | 2/175 (1) | 2/106 (2) | 0/69 (0) | |
| Witnessed arrest | 127/175 (73) | 76/106 (72) | 51/69 (74) | 0.748 |
| Bystander CPR | 103/175 (59) | 61/106 (58) | 42/69 (61) | 0.662 |
| CPR time ≥ 20 min | 101/156 (65) | 71/96 (74) | 30/60 (50) | 0.002 |
| Shockable rhythm | 37/169 (22) | 19/101 (19) | 18/68 (27) | 0.238 |
| Adrenaline dose ≥ 4 mg | 50/154 (33) | 40/96 (42) | 10/58 (17) | 0.002 |
| Post-resuscitation | ||||
| Shock | 142/175 (81) | 96/106 (91) | 46/69 (67) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary angiography | 30/175 (17) | 13/106 (12) | 17/69 (25) | 0.034 |
| Target temperature = 33 °C | 128/175 (73) | 76/106 (72) | 52/69 (75) | 0.593 |
| TTM duration = 24 h | 140/175 (80) | 83/106 (78) | 57/69 (83) | 0.486 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Survival discharge | 62/175 (35) | 17/106 (16) | 45/69 (65) | < 0.001 |
| MRS score 0 to 3 at discharge | 25/175 (14) | 3/106 (3) | 22/69 (32) | < 0.001 |
P < 0.05 are presented in italics
†Thirty-seven patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) died before discharge. Therefore, whether or not RRT was required could only be assessed in eight patients
AKI acute kidney injury, RRT renal replacement therapy, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, TTM targeted temperature management, MRS modified Rankin Scale