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. 2019 Jul 15;19:313. doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-1908-6

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

The field observation and laboratory experiment of herbivores, pollinators or predators. a-v Various insects and spiders visit lavender inflorescence of different developmental stages, including aphid (a), ladybird (b-f), lacewing (h, i), stinkbug (j-m), Apis mellifera (n), syrphid (g, p), Macroglossum pynhostictum (s), Pieris rapae (o), Sarcophaga spp. (q), Calliphora vicina (r) and spiders (t-v). w The field statistics of insects of different developmental inflorescences. x, y The preferring selection to volatiles of aphids or bees in Y-tube containing standards diluted specific proportion by white oil and white oil (control). Asterisks indicate significant differences of these dual choice detected by χ2 test (ns, non-significant difference P > 0.05, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001)