Figure 9.

ATP evokes glutamate release from ventrolateral medulla glia cultures. The glutamate concentration in the culture media was measured using HPLC at time 0 and after 5 min incubation periods in either aCSF (control, n = 12), ATP (0.05 mm, n = 12), or ATP with a cocktail of P2R antagonists (0.5 mm suramin, 0.1 mm PPADS, 0.5 mm MRS 2279, n = 10). Levels are reported relative to values at time 0. ^#p < 0.01, significant difference from ATP-evoked glutamate; *p < 0.001, significant difference from control.