Figure 5.

Evaluation of the behavioral effect by considering only learner honeybees. The behavioral data of honeybees conditioned 1 d after the injection of dsRNA (A; gray, dsNEG; white, dsNR1) or siRNA (B; gray, siNEG; white, siNR1) were analyzed by considering only animals that showed a PER during the CS presentation of the third acquisition trial (A3). Their memory performances were evaluated 2 h after conditioning. The number of considered animals is indicated in the inset. Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups (*p < 0.05, χ² test). PER, Percentage of animals that showed a PER during the CS presentation.