Table 2.

Article Quality Assessment (cont.)

Article	MMAT Design Category*	Quality Criteria*		Comments	Quality Score,* %
		Criteria	Criteria Met
Kock23	Mixed methods (qualitative plus quantitative descriptive)	Is sampling strategy relevant to address research question?	No		50
		Is the sample representative of the population under study?	Yes
		Are measures appropriate and clear?	Yes
		Is there an acceptable response rate?	Unable to determine	Response rate not specified
		Sources of qualitative data are relevant	Yes
		Process of analyzing qualitative data is relevant	Unable to determine
		Appropriate consideration given to how findings relate to context	Yes
		Appropriate consideration given to how findings relate to the researchers' influence	Unable to determine	Researchers' influence is not specified
		Mixed method design relevant to the questions	Unable to determine	Rationale for using mixed method not mentioned
		Integration of qualitative and quantitative data is relevant	Yes
		Appropriate consideration given to the limitations of this integration	Unable to determine	Limitations of using mixed methods not discussed
Sage21	Qualitative	Sources of qualitative data are relevant	Yes		100
		Process of analyzing qualitative data is relevant	Yes
		Appropriate consideration given to how findings relate to context	Yes
		Appropriate consideration given to how findings relate to the researchers' influence	Yes
Schneider19	Qualitative	Sources of qualitative data are relevant	Yes		75
		Process of analyzing qualitative data is relevant	Yes
		Appropriate consideration given to how findings relate to context	Yes
		Appropriate consideration given to how findings relate to the researchers' influence	Unable to determine	Researchers' influence is not specified

^* Quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) – Version 2011. MMAT contains 5 study design categories: qualitative, quantitative randomized controlled, quantitative non-randomized, quantitative descriptive, and mixed methods. Each category contains 4 (or 3 for Mixed Methods) criteria. Scores range from 0% to 100%. For qualitative, quantitative randomized controlled, quantitative non-randomized, and quantitative descriptive studies, scores are calculated as a percentage of criteria met. For mixed methods studies, scores are calculated as the lowest score from among the 3 relevant designs (quantitative [Quan], qualitative [Qual], mixed methods [MM]): 25% when Quan = 1 or Qual = 1 or MM = 0; 50% when Quan = 2 or Qual = 2 or MM = 1; 75% when Quan = 3 or Qual = 3 or MM = 2; 100% when Quan = 4 or Qual = 4 or MM = 3.