Table 1.
Avoidance assays for volatile and water-soluble repellents
| Volatile repellents | Genotype | Seconds |
|---|---|---|
| Benzaldehyde | Wild-type | 2.79 ± 0.26 (n = 30) |
| dcar-1(nj66) | 5.61 ± 0.57** (n = 30) | |
| dcar-1(tm2484) | 4.84 ± 0.63* (n = 31) | |
| nj66;ghEx58[sra-6p::dcar-1 cDNA] | 3.36 ± 0.51*** (n = 32) | |
| 1-Octanol | Wild-type | 1.19 ± 0.11 (n = 30) |
| dcar-1(nj66) | 1.27 ± 0.14 (n = 30) | |
| dcar-1(tm2484) | 1.60 ± 0.12 (n = 31) |
| Water-soluble repellents | Genotype | Seconds |
|---|---|---|
| Quinine (10 mm) | Wild-type | 1.80 ± 0.19 (n = 15) |
| dcar-1(nj66) | 1.59 ± 0.17 (n = 15) | |
| dcar-1(tm2484) | 1.65 ± 0.10 (n = 15) | |
| Glycerol (1 m) | Wild-type | 1.13 ± 0.16 (n = 20) |
| dcar-1(nj66) | 0.90 ± 0.13 (n = 21) | |
| dcar-1(tm2484) | 1.39 ± 0.20 (n = 16) | |
| Copper sulfate (0.1 m) | Wild-type | 0.39 ± 0.04 (n = 19) |
| dcar-1(nj66) | 0.40 ± 0.03 (n = 20) | |
| dcar-1(tm2484) | 0.38 ± 0.03 (n = 20) | |
| Acetic acid (0.1 m) | Wild-type | 1.73 ± 0.12 (n = 20) |
| dcar-1(nj66) | 1.61 ± 0.16 (n = 20) | |
| dcar-1(tm2484) | 1.65 ± 0.20 (n = 18) | |
| Sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%) | Wild-type | 0.99 ± 0.12 (n = 21) |
| dcar-1(nj66) | 0.98 ± 0.12 (n = 21) | |
| dcar-1(tm2484) | 0.99 ± 0.09 (n = 17) |
Volatile repellents: Animals were confronted with a microcapillary containing 5 μl of undiluted benzaldehyde or 1-octanol. Each animal was assayed once for each volatile repellent, with at least 10 min interval between trials. If animals did not reverse within 20 s, the reversal time was scored as 20 s. The benzaldehyde avoidance defect of dcar-1(nj66) mutant animals was rescued by the expression of dcar-1 cDNA in a subset of neurons including ASH neurons using the sra-6 promoter. Asterisks indicate significant differences from wild-type animals (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by one-way ANOVA) or from dcar-1(nj66) mutant animals (***p < 0.01 by one-way ANOVA). Data are shown as mean ± SEM.
Water-soluble repellents: A small drop of quinine (10 mm), glycerol (1 m), copper sulfate (0.1 m), acetic acid (0.1 m), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%) in control buffer (30 mm Tris, pH 7.5, 100 mm NaCl, 10 mm KCl) was placed in the path of an animal as it moved forward on an agar plate. Average lag time was measured for an animal to reverse direction after contacting with the repellents. Data are shown as mean ± SEM.