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Schematic summarizing the mechanism underlying orexin-induced activation of orexin neurons through OX2R. Orexin neurons directly innervate orexin neurons and activate orexin neurons through OX2R. This might form a positive feedback circuit, and the circuitry might function to preserve the activity of orexin neurons and subsequently to maintain arousal. Glutamate receptors include AMPA, NMDA, and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
