Experiment 1a: perceptual attention task. a, Representative stimulus sequence. b, Equivalent magnitudes of behavioral priming, i.e. decreased response latency, were detected in both young and older adults across face exposures e1–e5 (linear F contrast: *p < 0.05). Response latencies are plotted in milliseconds on the y-axis and at exposures e1, e3, and e5 on the x-axis. There was an overall significant main effect of age, but no interaction between age and repetition (F < 1).