Table 5.
Clinical chemistry in the 28-day study.
| Group | ALT | AST | ALP | TBIL | CREA | UREA | GLUC | CHOL | Pi | Ca ++ | Na + | K + | Cl - | ALB | TPROT | A/G | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg/kg bw/day) | [U/L] | [U/L] | [U/L] | [µmol/L] | [µmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [mmol/L] | [g/L] | [g/L] | ||
| Male | |||||||||||||||||
| Control | Mean | 55.00 | 91.60 | 165.20 | 1.26 | 24.70 | 8.28 | 6.50 | 2.40 | 2.54 | 2.78 | 145.06 | 4.66 | 98.57 | 44.01 | 61.96 | 2.5 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 6.73 | 13.65 | 22.29 | 0.36 | 3.16 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.57 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 1.11 | 0.28 | 1.11 | 1.80 | 3.22 | 0.2 |
| 400 | Mean | 50.30 | 86.70 | 175.50 | 1.27 | 24.30 | 7.96 | 6.71 | 2.24 | 2.42 | 2.73 | 144.95 | 4.42 | 98.95 | 44.12 | 60.95 | 2.6 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 9.74 | 10.36 | 26.71 | 0.44 | 1.89 | 0.81 | 0.41 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 1.17 | 0.21 | 1.18 | 1.11 | 1.98 | 0.1 |
| 800 | Mean | 44.80 | 81.50 | 179.90 | 1.34 | 22.70 | 7.51 | 6.17 | 2.45 | 2.71 | 2.79 | 144.66 | 4.53 | 97.78 | 44.40 | 62.29 | 2.5 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 5.39 | 7.71 | 24.28 | 0.45 | 2.21 | 0.96 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 1.45 | 0.12 | 0.94 | 1.09 | 2.17 | 0.2 |
| SS | ∗ | ||||||||||||||||
| 1200 | Mean | 50.80 | 96.50 | 189.50 | 1.04 | 25.90 | 7.83 | 6.38 | 2.24 | 2.55 | 2.74 | 144.87 | 4.50 | 98.13 | 43.95 | 62.64 | 2.4 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 11.24 | 25.59 | 28.23 | 0.29 | 2.69 | 1.42 | 0.70 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.83 | 0.20 | 1.20 | 1.76 | 2.48 | 0.3 |
| Test for Significance | DN | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Historical Control Range | 35–61 | 72–136 | 123–262 | 0.8–2.3 | 17–29 | 5.6–10.9 | 4.0–5.9 | 1.7–3.0 | 2.5–3.3 | 2.6–3.0 | 141.4–147.6 | 4.3–5.6 | 94.5–101.8 | 39.9–45.8 | 55.5–63.4 | 2.0–3.1 | |
|
| |||||||||||||||||
| Female | |||||||||||||||||
| 0 (Control) | Mean | 43.80 | 88.80 | 115.40 | 1.37 | 24.80 | 6.91 | 6.32 | 1.70 | 2.28 | 2.72 | 143.17 | 4.38 | 99.61 | 46.00 | 62.05 | 2.90 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 9.48 | 13.64 | 22.57 | 0.63 | 1.23 | 0.71 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 1.56 | 0.39 | 1.69 | 1.52 | 1.55 | 0.31 |
| 400 | Mean | 40.90 | 81.80 | 102.30 | 1.42 | 27.50 | 7.00 | 6.18 | 1.62 | 2.04 | 2.64 | 142.03 | 4.01 | 98.47 | 46.56 | 63.35 | 2.81 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 3.93 | 8.93 | 17.59 | 0.32 | 1.78 | 0.93 | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 1.90 | 0.33 | 1.48 | 1.48 | 3.17 | 0.34 |
| SS | ∗∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ||||||||||||||
| 800 | Mean | 47.90 | 91.40 | 102.10 | 1.41 | 24.40 | 7.20 | 6.48 | 1.99 | 2.15 | 2.72 | 143.85 | 4.29 | 100.37 | 48.27 | 63.65 | 3.19 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 9.62 | 17.23 | 19.68 | 0.40 | 1.71 | 1.49 | 0.86 | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 1.79 | 0.25 | 2.03 | 2.98 | 2.91 | 0.44 |
| 1200 | Mean | 42.00 | 85.50 | 102.50 | 1.34 | 25.30 | 7.39 | 6.73 | 2.09 | 2.11 | 2.68 | 142.59 | 4.34 | 99.40 | 47.11 | 64.01 | 2.81 |
| (n = 10) | SD | 3.33 | 17.06 | 23.46 | 0.30 | 2.58 | 1.42 | 0.80 | 0.24 | 0.39 | 0.08 | 1.20 | 0.30 | 1.77 | 1.88 | 2.56 | 0.30 |
| SS | ∗ | ||||||||||||||||
| Test for Significance | NS | NS | NS | NS | DN | NS | NS | DN | NS | DN | NS | DN | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Historical Control Range | 26–60 | 67–145 | 66–188 | 0.9–2.0 | 21.0–32.0 | 4.8–12.2 | 3.3–6.2 | 1.4–2.5 | 1.8–2.8 | 2.5–2.7 | 139.8–147.3 | 3.7–4.7 | 97–103.7 | 42.0–50.3 | 58.7–68.4 | 2.2–3.8 | |
A/G, albumin to globulin ratio; ALB, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BAC, bile acids; Ca++, calcium; CHOL, cholesterol; Cl-, chloride; CREA, creatinine; DN, Duncan's multiple range test; GLUC, glucose; K+, potassium; Na+, sodium; NS, not significant; Pi, inorganic phosphorous; SD, standard deviation; SS, statistically significant compared to control; TBIL, total bilirubin; TPROT, total protein.
∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01.