Table 1.
Comparison of the demographic and obstetric characteristics of the study population according to postpartum weight retention category.
| Characteristic | Weight retention <3kg N=34 |
Weight retention 3 to less than 7kg N=40 |
Weight retention ≥ 7kg N=41 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 31.2±5.7 | 31.9±5.3 | 32.2±6.4 | 0.75 |
|
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| Education | ||||
|
| ||||
| Schools | 12 (35.3) | 13 (32.5) | 17 (41.5) | 0.69 |
| University or higher | 22 (64.7) | 27 (67.5) | 24 (58.5) | |
|
| ||||
| Occupation | ||||
|
| ||||
| Housewife | 27 (79.4) | 33 (82.5) | 36 (87.8) | 0.61 |
| Employed | 7 (20.6) | 7 (17.5) | 5 (12.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Monthly income | ||||
|
| ||||
| <5,000 SR | 2 (6.1) | 1(2.6) | 1(2.5) | 0.61 |
| 5,000-<10,000 SR | 18 (54.5) | 19 (50.0) | 26 (65.0) | |
| 10,000 or more SR | 13 (39.4) | 18 (47.4) | 13 (32.5) | |
|
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| Family history of diabetes | 19 (55.9) | 17(42.5) | 23 (56.1) | 0.39 |
|
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| Index Pregnancy characteristics | ||||
|
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| Pre-pregnancy weight(kg) | 65.4±12.8 | 65.0±10.3 | 72.6±11.9 | <0.01 ¶ |
|
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| Parity | 2.6±2.0 | 3.2±1.6 | 2.9±1.6 | 0.37 |
|
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| OGTT results (mmol/l) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose | 4.4±0.5 | 4.5±0.5 | 4.7±0.7 | 0.03 § |
|
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| One-hour plasma glucose | 7.7±1.5 | 7.1±1.8 | 7.3±0.7 | 0.38 |
|
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| Two-hour plasma glucose | 6.1±1.7 | 5.9±1.6 | 5.9±1.9 | 0.92 |
|
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| GDM | 3 (8.8) | 5 (15.0) | 8 (19.5) | 0.43 |
|
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| Pregnancy associated HTN | 1 (2.9) | 2 (5.0) | 2 (4.8) | 0.31 |
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| Caesarean section delivery | 6 (17.6) | 9 (22.5) | 12 (29.3) | 0.20 |
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| Birth weight | 2.8±0.4 | 2.8±0.3 | 2.9±0.3 | 0.63 |
|
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| Postpartum | ||||
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| Breast feeding | ||||
|
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| Initiation | 29 (85.3) | 39 (97.5) | 40 (97.6) | 0.06 |
|
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| At 4 months | 20 (58.8) | 25 (62.5) | 27 (65.9) | 0.82 |
|
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| At 6 months | 16 (47.1) | 12 (30.0) | 13 (31.7) | 0.25 |
|
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| At 12 months | 7 (20.6) | 2 (5.0) | 7 (17.1) | 0.11 |
|
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| Contraception | ||||
|
| ||||
| Hormonal | 16 (47.1) | 22 (55.0) | 21 (51.2) | 0.778 |
| Non-hormonal | 4 (11.8) | 7 (17.5) | 7 (17.1) | |
GDM = Gestational diabetes, OGTT = Oral glucose tolerance test, HTN=Hypertension, ¶significant difference between participants in Weight retention ≥ 7kg and the other two groups, §significant difference between participants in Weight retention ≥ 7kg and participants with Weight retention <3kg