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. 2019 Jul 9;10:866. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00866

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Copyright © 2019 Li, Geng, Zhao, Ni, Zhao, Zheng, Chen and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TMAO induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. (A,B) NLRP3, pro-IL-1β,IL-1β, caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, TLR4, and ASC protein expression levels were analyzed by western blotting and quantified (C,D) according to immunoblotting (the ratio of protein pixel density/GAPDH pixel density) after TMAO or Ang II treatment for 24 h. (E,F) Representative images and quantification of DHE staining (red) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. All data were analyzed at least three times. Mean ± SD. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 (vs. Control).