Table 2.
Comparison of change over six months between intervention group and SOC group.
| Clinical Values | E-coaching group n = 194 | SOC group n = 183 | Mean difference between groups over six months (95% CI) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follow-up | Mean change over 6 months | Follow-up | Mean change over 6 months | |||
| Primary Endpoint | ||||||
| PWV†, | 8.3 (1.4) | –0.16 | 8.6 (1.7) | –0.25 | 0.09 (–0.39; 0.22) | 0.56 |
| Secondary Endpoints | ||||||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 129.5 (13.6) | –3.18 | 130.7 (14.7) | –1.688 | –1.5 (–4.2; 1.2) | 0.27 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 76.7 (9.1) | –2.37 | 78 (8.7) | –2.076 | –0.29 (–1.6; 1.1) | 0.67 |
| Weight, kg | 78.9 (18.1) | –1.22 | 79 (15.8) | –0.763 | –0.45 (–1.0; 0.1) | 0.10 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.4 (5.3) | –0.42 | 27.1 (4.4) | –0.247 | –0.17 (–0.4; 0) | 0.07 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 102.2 (9.9) | –2.19 | 101.8 (8.2) | –1.809 | –0.38 (–1.2; 0.5) | 0.37 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 92.7 (14.7) | –2.55 | 93.4 (12) | –2.048 | –0.5 (–1.5; 0.5) | 0.31 |
| Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.8 (1) | –0.16 | 4.9 (1) | –0.197 | 0.04 (–0.1; 0.2) | 0.60 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.6 (0.5) | –0.03 | 1.6 (0.4) | –0.017 | –0.01 (–0.1; 0) | 0.64 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.6 (0.9) | –0.10 | 2.8 (0.9) | –0.142 | 0.04 (–0.1; 0.2) | 0.56 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.8) | –0.08 | 1.2 (0.6) | –0.113 | 0.03 (–0.1; 0.1) | 0.56 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.6 (1.3) | –0.29 | 5.5 (1.1) | –0.266 | –0.03 (–0.2; 0.2) | 0.77 |
| HsCRP, mg/L | 2.3 (5.9) | –0.26 | 2.2 (5.4) | 0.004 | –0.27 (–1.9; 1.3) | 0.75 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73sqm) | 82.3 (17) | –0.64 | 83 (20.2) | 1.225 | –1.87 (–4.8; 1.1) | 0.22 |
| Alcohol per week, units | 7.9 (9.4) | –0.78 | 7.7 (8.2) | –1.081 | 0.3 (–0.7; 1.3) | 0.54 |
| Physical activity, minutes per day | 98 (145.5) | 25.10 | 74.2 (100.3) | 8.448 | 16.65 (–10.3; 43.6) | 0.23 |
| Lifestyle score, best score 10 | 7.7 (1.2) | 0.74 | 7.5 (1.3) | 0.659 | 0.08 (–0.1; 0.3) | 0.45 |
| CIMT (left and right), mm | 0.72 (0.14) | 0.014 | 0.75 (0.13) | 0.015 | 0.02 (–0.017; 0.015) | 0.91 |
| QRISK2 score, 10-year risk, % | 19.2 (8.5) | 0.14 | 18.9 (8.6) | 0.01 | 0.24 (–0.4; 0.6) | 0.63 |
| Expected QRISK2 at 6 months#, 10-year risk, % | 19.6 (8.1) | 19.3 (8.8) | ||||
| Framingham risk score, 10-year risk, % | 16.1 (8.9) | –1.23 | 16.6 (9.5) | –1.37 | 0.14 (–0.9; 1.2) | 0.79 |
| Self-rated health state (best health 100)* | 85 (75; 90) | 4.81 | 84 (69; 90) | 5.58 | –0.77 (–6.5; 4.9) | 0.79 |
| EQ-5D-3L VAS value (best value 1)* | 0.76 (0.7; 1.0) | –0.00 | 0.76 (0.70; 1.0) | 0.01 | –0.01 (–0.02; 0.05) | 0.44 |
| Total logins to study Website, n | 12.8 | 9.1 | <0.001 | |||
Results presented as mean (SD) or *median (interquartile range), unless stated otherwise.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EQ-5D-3L VAS, Euroqol, 5 dimension, 3 level visual analogue scale – validated questionnaire; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IQR, inter quartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mod, moderate; n, number; PWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; QOL, quality of life.
# Naturally expected due to older age only if other factors unchanged. QRISK increases with increasing age.
† Corrected when extreme outlier excluded (a single reading of 27 m/s which was very different to a subsequent visit for the same patient and compared to all other readings).