Figure 5.

Effect of the type of movement in the first training set (rhythmic movement training or discrete movement training with ITI = 1, 2, or 4 s) on the angular error behavior in the subsequent rhythmic movements. A, To evaluate the effect, we calculated the following two quantities; the change in the error from the end of the first training set (the last discrete trial or the last 10 rhythmic cycles) to the first cycle of the following rhythmic movement (Δ₁), and the change in the error from the first cycle to the second and third cycles of the rhythmic movement (Δ₂). Positive values of these quantities indicate the increases in the movement error. B, Effect of the type of movement in the first training set on the Δ₁. A drastic increase in the error was observed only after the rhythmic movement training. C, Effect of the type of movement in the first training set on the Δ₂. Quite naturally, after the rhythmic training or the discrete training with ITI = 1 and 2 s, the error of the subsequent rhythmic movement set decreased in the second cycle compared to the first cycle as indicated by a negative Δ₂. However, after the discrete training with ITI = 4 s, a reappearance of the error was observed in the second cycle as indicated by a positive Δ₂. The data in B and C were averaged across all participants and error bars represent ±1 SE. The horizontal solid lines indicate statistically significant differences.