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Levels of TNF-α (top), IL-1β (middle), and IL-6 mRNA (bottom) from brain cortex homogenates. Analysis of TNF-α and IL-1β was conducted by ELISA, whereas IL-6 cytokine mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Values represent the mean ± SEM. of five to eight individual experiments, **p < 0.01 (Mann–Whitney U nonparametric test, with a Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test or a Student's t test).
