FIGURE 3.

Sample MSKUS Milestones for (A) diagnostic nerve and joint studies and (B) interventional procedures. Foundational ultrasonography concepts (ultrasound physics, machine operation) and basic MSKUS skills (tissue characteristics, needle guidance technique) are medical student or intern-level competencies. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography knowledge and skills across core topics comprise graduation target competencies for PM&R residents (Level 4), whereas advanced topics are reserved for fellowship or practicing clinicians. Core and advanced topic divisions are a potential subject for debate by the PM&R Residency Review Committee.