. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Public Health Nurs. 2019 Apr 8;36(4):469–477. doi: 10.1111/phn.12612

Table 4.

Post-Hoc Analysis of Statistically Significant Differences (Scheffe’s Test)

RUCA Classification	Compared to	p- value
Patients per Unit
Urban	Large Rural	.00^**
	Small Rural	.00^**
	Isolated Remote Rural	.01^*
Large Rural	Small Rural	.01^*
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.83
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.56

Nurse Age
Urban	Large Rural	.04^*
	Small Rural	.13
	Isolated Remote Rural	.00^**
Large Rural	Small Rural	.78
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.02^*
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.23

Years of Experience
Urban	Large Rural	.02^*
	Small Rural	.98
	Isolated Remote Rural	.60
Large Rural	Small Rural	.85
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.97
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.83

BSN education
Urban	Large Rural	.00^**
	Small Rural	.25
	Isolated Remote Rural	.01^*
Large Rural	Small Rural	.92
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.66
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.47

Patient-to-RNs Ratios
Urban	Large Rural	.00^*
	Small Rural	.12
	Isolated Remote Rural	.00^*
Large Rural	Small Rural	1.0
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.02^*
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.05

Nurse Skill Mix
Urban	Large Rural	.03^*
	Small Rural	.53
	Isolated Remote Rural	.00^**
Large Rural	Small Rural	.99
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.05
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.06

Nursing Foundations for Quality Care
Urban	Large Rural	.04^*
	Small Rural	.88
	Isolated Remote Rural	.14
Large Rural	Small Rural	.88
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.80
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.55

Staffing and Resource Adequacy
Urban	Large Rural	1.0
	Small Rural	.00^**
	Isolated Remote Rural	.50
Large Rural	Small Rural	.01^*
Large Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.55
Small Rural	Isolated Remote Rural	.77

p<0.05

^**

p<0.01