Table 5.

Organization of Nursing: Rural vs. Urban (hospital-level)

	Overall n = 642	Urban n = 566	Large n = 49	Small n = 18	Isolated n = 9	p- value within & between groups
BSN education [%]	37	38	28	31	21	.00**
Patient-to-RNs Ratios, (means)	5.0	4.8	5.6	5.6	7.3	.00**
Nurse Skill Mix [%]	76	76	73	73	65	.00**
Nurse Work Environment, (means)
Participation in Hospital Affairs	2.53	2.53	2.45	2.55	2.36	.09
Nursing Foundations for Quality Care	2.92	2.93	2.83	2.89	2.75	.00**
Nurse Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support of Nurses	2.59	2.59	2.56	2.72	2.60	.29
Staffing and Resource Adequacy	2.51	2.50	2.50	2.82	2.67	.00**
Collegial Nurse-Physician Relations	2.91	2.91	2.85	3.00	2.84	.08
Composite NWI Score	2.69	2.69	2.64	2.80	2.64	.10

Notes.

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

Bolded numbers indicate the lowest value compared across rurality