Table 1.

Overview of studies examining the relationship between neural differentiation and cognition.

Study	Differentiation Measure	Stimuli	Brain Region	Cognitive Measure	Young Adult r	Older Adult r	Age Moderation
Yassa et al. [97]A	Item	Objects	Hippocampus	Recognition Memory	-	.53	-
Goh et al. [95]B,C	Item	Faces	Fusiform Face Area	Face Change Detection	.31	.31	No
Park et al. [81]B	Category	Faces, Houses, and Objects	Ventral Visual Cortex	Fluid cognition factor	.22	.48	No
Du et al. [71]	Category	Phonemes	Inferior Prefrontal Cortex	Phoneme Detection (in noise)	.53	.71	No
Berron et al.[79]B	Category	Objects and Scenes	Perirhinal Cortex	Recognition Memory	.05	.38	No
Koen et al. [80]D	Category	Objects and Scenes	Parahippocampal Place Area	Recognition Memory	.48	.48	No
Koen et al. [80]D	Category	Objects and Scenes	Parahippocampal Place Area	Fluency Factor	.35	.35	No

Correlations are reported as positive to indicate that higher levels of neural differentiation are associated with better performance.

^AStudy did not examine the brain-behavior relationship in young adults.

^BStudy did not directly test for age moderation. Fisher-z test on reported correlations indicated no difference (p’s > .103).

^CCorrelation reported collapsed across age group without controlling for age.

^DPartial correlations after controlling for age group are reported.