Table 3.
Significantly altered gene transcription in 4 C study biopsies relative to pediatric controls*.
| Rank | Gene | Ratio 4 C vs. non-CKD children(MEAN ± SD) | p-value | Gene-group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significantly upregulated genes | ||||
| 1 | SP7 | 247.55 ± 644.48 | 0.0171 | Vascular calcification |
| 2 | MMP7 | 70.81 ± 174.42 | 0.0174 | Extracellular matrix |
| 3 | NOS2 | 35.83 ± 97.95 | < 0.0001 | NO-Synthases |
| 4 | RUNX2 | 24.76 ± 67.45 | 0.0017 | Vascular calcification |
| 5 | VNN1 | 23.89 ± 62.64 | 0.0394 | Extracellular matrix |
| 6 | CDKN2A | 15.23 ± 25.45 | 0.0007 | Vascular calcification |
| 7 | COL2A1 | 15.20 ± 37.29 | 0.0146 | Extracellular matrix |
| 8 | IL10 | 11.33 ± 27.48 | 0.0037 | Inflammation |
| 9 | AGTR2 | 10.87 ± 33.75 | 0.0211 | Various |
| 10 | TNF | 8.29 ± 19.54 | 0.0033 | Inflammation |
| 11 | BMP3 | 7.91 ± 19.94 | 0.0151 | Bone metabolism |
| 12 | TRPV6 | 7.66 ± 18.55 | 0.0024 | Ion channels |
| 13 | KCNN3 | 6.60 ± 17.93 | 0.0281 | Ion channels |
| 14 | PPARG | 5.99 ± 17.96 | 0.0025 | Extracellular matrix |
| 15 | MGP | 5.20 ± 10.18 | 0.0018 | Physiological calcification inhibitors |
| 16 | KCNN4 | 4.96 ± 12.12 | 0.0303 | Ion channels |
| 17 | S100A12 | 4.84 ± 16.05 | 0.0023 | Vascular calcification |
| 18 | HMGB1 | 4.73 ± 5.78 | 0.0011 | Extracellular matrix |
| 19 | CA2 | 3.61 ± 7.53 | 0.0125 | Physiological calcification inhibitors |
| 20 | HMGA1 | 3.58 ± 7.10 | 0.0154 | Extracellular matrix |
| 21 | KL | 3.40 ± 6.65 | 0.0252 | Various |
| 22 | FGF2 | 3.09 ± 3.16 | 0.0001 | Wnt-pathway |
| 23 | DDIT3 | 1.66 ± 2.20 | 0.0491 | Endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| Significantly downregulated genes | ||||
| 1 | ELN | 0.01 ± 0.04 | 0.0088 | Extracellular matrix |
| 2 | COL1A2 | 0.07 ± 0.11 | < 0.0001 | Extracellular matrix |
| 3 | VCAN | 0.18 ± 0.38 | 0.0065 | Extracellular matrix |
| 4 | TIMP2 | 0.27 ± 0.30 | < 0.0001 | Extracellular matrix |
| 5 | LTBP3 | 0.30 ± 0.62 | 0.0091 | TGF-β signaling |
| 6 | ENPP1 | 0.31 ± 0.72 | 0.0064 | Physiological calcification inhibitors |
| 7 | TIMP1 | 0.42 ± 0.79 | 0.0085 | Extracellular matrix |
| 8 | COL6A2 | 0.45 ± 0.87 | 0.0405 | Extracellular matrix |
| 9 | MMP2 | 0.47 ± 0.66 | 0.0048 | Extracellular matrix |
| 10 | BMP1 | 0.49 ± 0.82 | 0.0401 | Bone metabolism |
| 11 | HSP90B1 | 0.58 ± 0.68 | 0.0061 | Endoplasmic reticulum stress |
*The data are sorted by the magnitude of the ratio of gene expression. Transcription levels and their ratios were analyzed for each individual gene by multiple two-sample t- tests comparing 4 C and non-CKD children. Statistical significances with correction for multiple comparisons were determined by the Holm-Sidak method, with alpha = 5.0%.