Figure 1.

(A) Illustration of the laser beam reflection based optical setup of the FluidFM system. (B) A sample point-spectroscopy curve, performed as calibration with the FluidFM of the polystyrene substrate (corresponding to the 2 μm aperture, measured at the reference (0) position, as defined as the laser beam positioned directly above the first pair of pillars). (C) Scanning electron microscope images of various FluidFM cantilevers showing the parallel rows of pillars holding the microfluidic channel inside the hollow cantilever. The smaller images represent the types of apertures used for different applications from left to right: micropipette, rapid prototyping, nanopipette head. The schematics of the micropipette cantilevers are presented later in Fig. 3. (C) is curtesy of Tomaso Zambelli³⁵.