Table 1.

Voxel-level dose rate errors (mean ± std) of static patient images (n = 80) and their differences to the ground truth were statistically analyzed with paired t-test.

$\mathbf{M}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{v}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{x}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{l}\text{-}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{v}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{d}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}\mathrm{\%}\mathbf{d}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{f}\mathbf{f}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{e}={\mathbf{\sum }}_1^{\mathit{n}}|\frac{\mathit{M}\mathit{e}\mathit{t}\mathit{h}\mathit{o}{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{n}}^{\ast }-\mathit{D}\mathit{M}{\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{n}}^{\mathrm{\S }}}{\mathit{D}\mathit{M}{\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{n}}}|/\mathit{n}\times \mathbf{100}$
Method	VSV	Deep-dose
	Mean ± Std (%)	Mean ± Std (%)
Gallbladder wall	1.38 ± 1.37	2.13 ± 1.70
	NS	NS
Heart wall	5.83 ± 2.16	1.88 ± 1.27
	p < 0.005	NS
Kidney	1.44 ± 1.14	0.86 ± 0.67
	NS	NS
Liver	1.13 ± 0.68	1.10 ± 0.67
	NS	NS
Lung	57.09 ± 2.07	1.41 ± 1.29
	p < 0.001	p < 0.05
Pancreas	1.05 ± 0.98	1.47 ± 1.21
	NS	NS
Spleen	0.94 ± 0.68	0.85 ± 0.61
	p < 0.01	NS
Stomach wall	4.01 ± 2.02	2.01 ± 1.61
	p < 0.05	NS
Whole-body (avg)	9.97 ± 1.79	2.54 ± 2.09

The degree of significance is reported in the below of the corresponding differences (NS = nonsignificant).

*Method: VSV or Deep-dose (CNN). ^§DMC: direct Monte Carlo simulation.