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. 2019 Jul 16;9:10319. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46643-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evaluations of overall survival with serum MRS metabolomics. (a) Results of leave-one-group-out validation show the ability of canonical scores to differentiate short living (red, n = 29) from prolonged living (green, n = 25) groups for all 93 cases in 8 cohorts (7 groups = training; left-out group = testing). (b,c) All 93 cases were combined. Nine spectral regions were identified (d) which differentiated survival groups. CCA scores for these regions significantly differentiated 10-year survival for both (b) the entire LuCa population and (c) Stage I cases alone (red, n = 14; green, n = 18). (d) As mentioned, all 93 cases were combined, and the serum spectral regions were evaluated by canonical analysis. Nine spectral regions could differentiate between controls (C), prolonged survival (P), and short survival (S) groups, and one region could identify overall survival. The heatmap presents log spectral intensities to illustrate that the prolonged survival group more closely resembles the short survival group or controls, but that the short survival group and controls are noticeably different.