. 2019 Jul 16;9:10318. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46560-7

Table 1.

Chemical and physical features of Marching, Quarzitwerk (Murnauer Moos) and Künzing spring waters as compared to control spring Teugn (September 2003).

Component Parameters/Springs	Unit	Marching	Quarzitwerk^a	Künzing	Teugn
Spring discharge	L min⁻¹	120	180	210	150–200
Temperature	°C	10.2–10.6	10.1–11.4	18.9–19.0	12.4–12.7
Electrical Conductivity	μS cm⁻¹	623–672	867–966	1310–1320	665–697
pH		5.9–6.5	5.1–6.3	7.3–7.5	4.7–6.4
Redox Potential (E _h )	mV	−185 to –173	−106 to −97	−253 to −241	−215 to −192
Oxygen	mg l⁻¹	1.3–1.8	0.4–1.1	≤0.1	0.7–1.2
H₂S	mg l⁻¹	<1	n. m.	≤1	n. m.
Cations and total metal ions:
Na ⁺	mg l⁻¹	6.0–8.2	5.5–5.7	164.4–398.5	50.7–54.7
K⁺	mg l⁻¹	0.7–1.1	0.70–1.1	10.1–10.5	6.5–6.9
Mg²⁺	mg l⁻¹	31.3–31.5	17.7–17.9	8.3–9.4	22.7–22.9
Ca²⁺	mg l⁻¹	81.2–85.9	109.4–120.5	12.6–47.3	72.7–74.2
Mn ²⁺	mg l⁻¹	4.5–4.9	44.8–270.2	2.5–2.7	7.6–9.5
Ba²⁺	μg l⁻¹	15.5–20.4	16.5–32.4	25.8–45.5	47.0–58.2
Total Co	μg l⁻¹	<1	<1	<1	0–16.0
Total Cu ²⁺	μg l⁻¹	3.2–6.0	0–2.7	0–14.4	1.1–7.6
Total Fe	μg l⁻¹	1.9–7.8	8–16.7	15.6–20.2	9.8–16.7
Li⁺	μg l⁻¹	6.2–7.9	2.3–3.0	202.0–279.4	41.8–49.5
Sr ²⁺	μg l⁻¹	78.9–117.2	213.1–333.8	286.1–1005.4	78.9–117.2
Zn ²⁺	μg l⁻¹	367.1–437.6	163.2–237.2	n. d.	265.2–288.4
Anions:
SH⁻	mg l⁻¹	0.4–0.6	1.1–1.3	0.7–0.9	1.1–1.3
Cl ⁻	mg l⁻¹	11.5–12.1	0.6–2.5	320.1–354.5	25.5–26.3
Br⁻	mg l⁻¹	n. d.	n. d.	0.2	n. d.
J⁻	mg l⁻¹	n. d.	n. d.	0.2	n. d.
NO ₃ ⁻	mg l⁻¹	0.1–1.1	0.1–1.1	n. d.	0.2
SO₄²⁻	mg l⁻¹	36.6–37.5	6.2–8.7	n. d.	16.1–26.2
HCO₃⁻	mg l⁻¹	360.0–360.5	434.7–434.9	572.00	420.6–420.9
DOC*	mg l⁻¹	1.1–1.5	6.4–8.9	n. d.	0.4–1.1
Gas Bubbles:
CH ₄ (emission) ^b	m³ d⁻¹	n. d.	—	7	—

The contrasting parameters of these three springs as compared to the control spring Teugn are highlighted in bold font. Abbreviations are: ^adisappeared in the year 2004, *DOC: dissolved organic carbon, ^bCarle⁵⁸.