Table 2.

Measurements of respiratory function and hemodynamics (n = 19)

Protocols	PEEPbaseline	Express protocol	P Lexpi	p value
PEEP (cmH2O)	7.0 ± 1.8	14.2 ± 3.6*	16.7 (5.9)*	< 0.0001
Pplat (cmH2O)	20.8 ± 4.0	28.8 ± 2.0 *	33.9 ± 10.6*	< 0.0001
PL,es (cmH2O)	7.0 ± 5.9	11.9 ± 6.2*	15.5 ± 8.5*	0.0013
PL,EL (cmH2O)	15.3 ± 4.9)	20.5 ± 4.7*	24.3 ± 11.4*	0.0025
PLexpi (cmH2O)	− 2.6 ± 5.2	1.4 ± 5.1*	3.3 ± 1.6*	< 0.0001
EELV (ml)	1546 ± 634	2067 ± 924*	2287 ± 945*	0.001
DPaw (cmH2O)	13.0 ± 3.9	14.2 ± 5.0	16.4 ± 7.8	0.17
DPL (cmH2O)	9.9 ± 4.4	10.6 ± 5.6	12.3 ± 8.3	0.20
DPL,EL (cmH2O)	7.5 ± 4.3	8.1 ± 5.6	9.5 ± 8.1	0.30
Crs (ml/cmH2O)	33.3 ± 15.8	30.0 ± 10.7	28.3 ± 13.2	0.17
Ecw (cmH2O/l)	8.7 ± 2.7	9.6 ± 3.4*	10.9 ± 4.3*	0.03
EL (cmH2O/l)	26.0 ± 11.9	28.0 ± 15.9	33.2 ± 25.1	0.25
FiO2 (%)	80.0 ± 21.1	80.6 ± 21.2	81.1 ± 21.6	0.46
PaO2/FiO2	91.2 ± 31.2	134.0 ± 67.2*	152.7 ± 80.1*	0.01
pH	7.31 ± 0.11	7.30 ± 0.11	7.31 ± 0.12	0.08
PaCO2 (mmHg)	45.2 ± 10.4	46.5 ± 9.6	45.3 ± 11.0	0.26
MAP (mmHg)	82.0 ± 13.4	74.7 ± 12.9	75.7 ± 12.0	0.06
Heart rate (beats/min)	99 ± 27	102 ± 26	107 ± 28	0.19
Lactates (mmol/l)	1.6 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.8	0.27

Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation

P_plat: plateau pressure; P_Lexpi: end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure; DP_L: transpulmonary driving pressure; P_L,EL: relative end-expiratory pressure; P_L,es: absolute inspiratory transpulmonary pressure; DP_aw: airway driving pressure; DP_L: transpulmonary driving pressure, DP_L,EL: transpulmonary elastance-related driving pressure; E_L: lung elastance; EELV: end-expiratory lung volume; E_cw: elastance chest wall; Crs: compliance respiratory system; MAP: mean arterial pressure. p value refers to repeated measures ANOVA. *p < 0.05 of Express and P_Lexpi groups versus baseline group. ^§p < 0.05 of Express versus P_Lexpi groups