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. 2019 Jul 10;6:153. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00153

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Copyright © 2019 Lian, Matthaeus, Kaßmann, Daumke and Gollasch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic model of AngII-induced and mechanical stress-induced signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle caveolae. Caveolae model modified from Matthäus et al. (12). Left: Ang II induces rapid translocation of AT1R to caveolae, AT1R and Caveolin 1 associate with each other. Caveolin 3 accompanies with AT1R. Right: Mechanical stress induces translocation of Caveolin 1 to non-caveolar sites and is associated with β₁-integrins/Fyn/Shc to activate ERK signaling pathway. Cav1, Caveolin 1; Cav3, Caveolin 3; AngII, Angiotensin II; AT1R, AngII type1 receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Ca²⁺-permeable ion channels, such as TRPC, transient receptor potential channels, and EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor.