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. 2019 Jul 10;10:1606. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01606

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Copyright © 2019 Bellali, Lagier, Raoult and Bou Khalil.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of the protocols used. The routine protocol (black arrows): the stool was exposed to oxygen for more than 1 h without any protectant medium. The optimized protocol (blue arrows): the stool was exposed to oxygen for more than 1 h and conserved in the protectant medium. The implemented optimized protocol (red arrows): the stool was exposed to oxygen less than 2 min, conserved in the protectant medium and all manipulations were performed inside the anaerobic chamber. The enumeration of bacterial cells was performed by Flow cytometry (FCM) and by the plate count method (CFU).