Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Jul 16;9:10298. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46553-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Xenopus vestibular afferents display aberrant central projections in a dose-dependent manner following Fzd3 knockdown in only the ear and associated inner ear afferents. Ears from control/wild type X. laevis embryos were transplanted to replace the ear of animals injected with Fzd3 morpholino (B,B”). Note the inner ear central projections (magenta) were between the lateral line and trigeminal projections (green), comparable to control animals (A,A”). In contrast, ears from X. laevis embryos injected with various concentration of Fzd3 morpholino transplanted to replace the ear of control animals (C–E) showed variable variations in inner ear central projections that could be rescued by an addition of mouse Fzd3 mRNA (F,F”). (A) Control X. laevis (n = 6), (B) animals injected with 5 ng Fzd3 morpholino with an ear transplanted from a control animal (n = 7), (C) control animals with an ear transplanted from an animal injected with 5 ng Fzd3 morpholino (n = 6), (D) control animals with an ear transplanted from an animal injected with 15 ng Fzd3 morpholino (n = 5), (E) control animals with an ear transplanted from an animal injected with 30 ng Fzd3 morpholino (n = 2), (F) control animals with a “rescue” ear transplanted from an animal injected with 5 ng Fzd3 morpholino plus 500 pg mouse Fzd3 mRNA (n = 6). White arrowheads indicate aberrant projections. Yellow arrows indicate nerve entry points. (A’–F’) Higher magnification of boxed areas in A-F. Short-dash and long-dash yellow lines represent the approximate ventral boundary of the anterior lateral line afferent projections and dorsal boundary of the trigeminal afferent projections, respectively. (A”–F”) Three-dimensional reconstructions of entire confocal stacks in A-F. (E” Inset) Anterior view of E”. dV, descending trigeminal tract; D, dorsal; A, anterior; L, lateral. Orientation for all panels as in A, except for E” inset. Diagrams represent treatment (white, control; gold/brown, Fzd3 morpholino; orange, Fzd3 morpholino plus Fzd3 mRNA) and colored wedges represent lipophilic dye placement (magenta, inner ear; green, lateral line and trigeminal nerves). Scale bars represent 100 µm.