Box 1. Difference Between Data and Results (13, 15).

Data	Results
Are the facts (often numbers) obtained from experiments or observations.	Are the meaning and interpretation of data
Can be presented as raw (e.g. concentration of a measured variable), summarized (e.g. mean and SD), or transformed (e.g. percentage).	Are expressed as statements that explain or summarize what the data show
Can rarely stand alone	May have a direction (e.g. decrease, increase) or magnitude, e.g. 2-fold, 10% increased
	May contain statistical significance, e.g. P value
E.g. mean (SD) fasting blood glucose was 180 (20) mg/dL in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mean fasting blood glucose was 95 (5) mg/dL in non-diabetic subjects.	E.g. mean fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in non-diabetic subjects [180 (20) vs. 95 (5) mg/dL, P = 0.010]a.

^aThe text presented in square brackets is data and the remainder is a result.