Table 5.

Economic benefit from the reduction of cardiovascular outcome

Variables	LEADER trial11		TECOS trial13
Liraglutide 1.8 mg	Placebo	Sitagliptin 100 mg	Placebo
Incidence rate of cardiovascular composite endpointa (no. of events per 100 patients/year)	3.4b	3.9b	3.58c	3.62c
Costs composite endpointd THB (USD)	302,296 (9,333)	334,808 (10,337)	267,407 (8,256)	279,834 (8,640)
Cost savings from composite endpoint reductione THB (USD)	32,512 (1,004)		12,427 (384)
Cost savings from liraglutide treatmentf THB (USD)	20,085 (620)

Notes: ^aComposite endpoint defined as death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. ^bThe proportion of each cardiovascular outcome in the liraglutide treatment group was 29.8% for cardiovascular death, 45.2% for nonfatal myocardial infarction and 25.0% for nonfatal stroke while the proportion in the placebo group was 32.7% for cardiovascular death, 43.8% for nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 23.5% for nonfatal stroke. ^cThe proportion of each cardiovascular outcome in the sitagliptin treatment group was 42.0% for cardiovascular death, 38.3% for nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 19.7% for nonfatal stroke, while the proportion in the placebo group was 39.3% for cardiovascular death, 39.4% for nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 21.3% for nonfatal stroke. ^dCost incurred from composite endpoint = cost of each cardiovascular outcome*The proportion of that event that occurred. However, cost of cardiovascular death was not included due to limited data. ^eCost savings from composite endpoint reduction = cost incurred in the placebo group–cost incurred in the treatment group. ^fCost savings from liraglutide treatment = cost-saving from liraglutide treatment–cost-saving from sitagliptin treatment.

Abbreviations: no, number; THB, Thai baht; USD, United States Dollar (presented at year 2018).