Extended Data Table 1.
Echocardiographic and invasive hemodynamic parameters in the different experimental groups of mice.
| CHOW | HFD | L-NAME | HFD + L-NAME | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Echocardiography |
||||
| 5-week treatment (n=10/group) | ||||
| Conscious | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 688±15 | 696±19 | 677±19 | 685±17 |
| LVID,d (mm) | 2.7±0.2 | 2.8±0.1 | 2.9±0.3 | 2.9±0.2 |
| LVID,s (mm) | 1.0±0.1 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.2±0.1 |
| IVS,d (mm) | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.3±0.1 | 1.3±0.2 |
| LVPW,d (mm) | 0.9±0.1 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.1±0.1 |
| LVFS (%) | 59.2±2.2 | 60.7±2.3 | 62.0±1.3 | 58.6±1.6 |
| LV mass (mg) LVEF (%) | 88.8±5.7 | 101.0±8.3 | 131.3±9.4† | 131.3±7.5† |
| Unconscious | 85.9±0.8 | 87.6±1.0 | 87.1±0.6 | 86.3±1.0 |
| HR (bpm) | 423±16 | 445±20 | 432±12 | 445±19 |
| Peak mitral E velocity (mm/sec) | 443.6±13.3 | 503.4±10.6† | 633.0±12.5§ | 847.2±8.6§,✩ |
| Peak mitral A velocity (mm/sec) | 433.2±8.2 | 450.8±7.4 | 361.5±9.9† | 442.6±8.3# |
| Mitral E/A | 1.0±0.04 | 1.1±0.03 | 1.8±0.04§ | 1.9±0.06§,✩ |
| IVRT (mm/sec) | 21.3±2.1 | 20.4±1.4 | 15.6±1.3 | 14.9±1.9* |
| Mitral DT (msec) | 22.4±1.1 | 21.4±2.1 | 16.5±1.2* | 15.7±1.3† |
| Peak mitral E’ velocity (mm/sec) | 26.5±0.5 | 27.6±0.8 | 21.8±0.5§ | 20.1±0.9§ |
| Mitral E/E’ | 16.6±1.0 | 18.2±0.9 | 28.8±1.1§ | 42.5±2.3§,✩ |
| 15-week treatment (n=15/group) | ||||
| Conscious | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 667±14 | 687±15 | 698±19 | 677±13 |
| LVID,d (mm) | 2.8±0.1 | 2.9±0.3 | 3.0±0.4 | 3.1±0.2 |
| LVID,s (mm) | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.3±0.1 |
| IVS,d (mm) | 1.0±0.2 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.4±0.2 | 1.4±0.3 |
| LVPW,d (mm) | 0.9±0.1 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.2 |
| LVFS (%) | 60.7±1.3 | 58.6±1.5 | 60.0±1.3 | 58.1±1.4 |
| LV mass (mg) | 86.4±6.5 | 106.1±7.8 | 147.0±8.4§ | 153.8±10.3§ |
| LVEF (%) | 89.3±0.4 | 89.7±0.4 | 89.3±0.6 | 88.7±0.7 |
| Unconscious | 433±12.4 | 442±13.4 | 421±11.2 | 436±12.3 |
| HR (bpm) | 603.0±8.22 | 544.5±9.3§ | 755.8±5.1§ | 998.2±2.5§,✩ |
| Peak mitral E velocity (mm/sec) | 443.3±7.9 | 560.2±8.0§ | 431.9±4.6 | 386.5±4.2§ |
| Peak mitral A velocity (mm/sec) | 1.4±0.02 | 1.0±0.02§ | 1.8±0.02§ | 2.6±0.03§,✩ |
| Mitral E/A | 20.3±1.8 | 24.5±2.1 | 16.5±1.3 | 13.2±1.4* |
| IVRT (mm/sec) | 23.2±1.3 | 26.5±1.1 | 16.9±1.5† | 14.4±1.0§ |
| Mitral DT (msec) | 25.8±0.4 | 22.2±0.4§ | 19.7±0.2§ | 20.7±0.4§ |
| Peak mitral E’ velocity (mm/sec) Mitral E/E’ | 23.5±0.5 | 24.7±0.6 | 38.5±0.5§ | 48.4±0.8§,✩ |
| LVEF (%) time course | ||||
| - 24-week treatment (n=5/group) | 90.7±0.2 | N/A | N/A | 88.62±0.4 |
| - 50-week treatment (n=5/group) | 90.1±0.1 | N/A | N/A | 90.1±0.4 |
|
Invasive hemodynamic analysis |
||||
| 15-week treatment (n=3/group) | ||||
| ESP, mm Hg | 93.4±1.4 | 98.8±1.2 | 114.3±5.6† | 130.9±2.7‡,|| |
| EDP, mm Hg | 1.4±0.06 | 1.3±0.06 | 3.6±0.1† | 4.3±0.1‡,# |
| dPmax, mm Hg/s | 10234±345 | 9674±456 | 10324±435 | 9893±453 |
| dPmin, mm Hg/s | −9834±534 | −10456±521 | −9987±432 | −10156±367 |
| Ea, mm Hg/µL | 2.5±0.1 | 2.6±0.2 | 3.0±0.1* | 3.6±0.1‡,|| |
| Ees, mm Hg/µL | 3.8±0.4 | 3.7±0.3 | 5.1±0.2* | 5.0±0.1* |
| EDPVR, mm Hg/µL | 0.028±0.003 | 0.027±0.002 | 0.068±0.005† | 0.093±0.004§,# |
Results are presented as mean±SEM. One-way ANOVA plus Sidak’s multiple comparisons test was used to detect significance.
p<0.05 vs. CHOW
p<0.01 vs. CHOW
p<0.0001 vs. CHOW
p<0.00001 vs. CHOW
p<0.05 vs. L-NAME
p<0.01 vs. L-NAME
p<0.001 vs. L-NAME
p<0.0001 vs. L-NAME.
Abbreviations used: HR, heart rate; LVID,d, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter; LVID,s, left ventricular internal systolic diameter; IVS,d, end-diastolic interventricular septal wall thickness; LVPW,d, left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening; LV mass, left ventricular mass; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E, peak Doppler blood inflow velocity across mitral valve during early diastole; A, peak Doppler blood inflow velocity across mitral valve during late diastole; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; DT, early filling deceleration time; E’, peak tissue Doppler of myocardial relaxation velocity at mitral valve annulus during early diastole; ESP, end-systolic pressure; EDP, end-diastolic pressure; dP max, maximal rate of pressure rise; dPmin, maximal rate of pressure decline; Ea, effective arterial elastance; Ees, slope of end-systolic pressure-volume relation; EDPVR, end-diastolic pressure-volume relation; N/A, data not available.