Extended Data Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of CTR, HFpEF and HFrEF subjects.

	CTR (n=12)	HFpEF (n=13)	HFrEF (n=15)	p values
Demographics
Age, (years), mean±SD	55.3±13.0	66.0±10.7	50.4±16.1	0.015
Female, n (%)	4 (33.3)	11 (91.6)	3 (20.0)	0.002
Ethnicity, n (%)
- White	9 (75.0)	4 (30.7)	11 (75.0)	0.032
- Black	2 (16.6)	8 (61.5)	4 (26.6)	0.044
- Hispanic	1 (8.3)	1 (7.7)	0 (0)	0.530
Height, (m), mean±SD	1.7±0.1	1.6±0.1	1.7±0.1	0.019
Weight, (kg), mean±SD	82.8±28.5	103.3±20.1	82.1±23.7	0.049
BMI, (kg/m2), mean±SD	29.4±9.0	39.0±7.1	26.6±5.3	0.0002
EF, (%), mean±SD	62.0±2.4	64.6±6.3	17.1±6.1	<0.0001
Medical history
Smoking, n (%)	N/A	4 (30.7)	N/A	N/A
Hypertension, n (%)	5 (41.6)	13 (100)	15 (100)	0.00005
Diabetes, n (%)	2 (16.6)	10 (76.9)	2 (13.3)	0.001
Coronary artery disease, n (%)	1 (8.3)	4 (30.7)	3 (20)	0.375
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	2 (16.6)	10 (76.9)	3 (20)	0.002
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	N/A	9 (69.2)	N/A	N/A
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	1 (8.3)	3 (23.0)	1 (6.6)	0.078
Medications
Diuretics, n (%)	0 (0)	13 (100)	15 (100)	<0.0001
ACEIs, n (%)	4 (33.3)	0 (0)	8 (53.3)	0.009
ARBs, n (%)	0 (0)	7 (53.8)	6 (40)	0.012
Beta blockers, n (%)	3 (25)	9 (69.2)	14 (93.3)	0.001
Nitrate, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (13.3)	0.173
Insulin, n (%)	0 (0)	6 (46.1)	1 (6.6)	0.004

Results are presented as mean±SD for continuous variables and number (n) and percentage (%) for categorical variables. For continuous variables one-way ANOVA was used to detect significance. For categorical variables two-sided chi-square test was used to detect significance. Abbreviations used: m, meters; kg, kilograms; BMI, body mass index; EF, ejection fraction; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; N/A, data not available.