Table 3. Mode of failure for the different porcelain surface treatments.
| Surface treatments | Without thermocycling ( n = 10) | With thermocycling ( n = 10) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adhesive | Cohesive (composite) | Cohesive (ceramic) | Mixed | Adhesive | Cohesive (composite) | Cohesive (ceramic) | Mixed | |
| Abbreviation: HF, hydrofluoric. | ||||||||
| Group 1: Control | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Group 2: HF | 80 | 20 | 100 | 0 | ||||
| Group 3: HF + calcium hydroxide | 90 | 10 | 80 | 20 | ||||
| Group 4: HF + calcium carbonate | 100 | 0 | 90 | 10 | ||||
| Group 5: HF + calcium gluconate | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | ||||
| Group 6: HF + ultrasonic | 90 | 10 | 100 | 0 | ||||