Fig. 3.

Identification of a bacterium responsible for the differential effects of vancomycin on control vs. PP MRL/lpr mice. Pregnancy: from 8 to 11 weeks of age. Lactation: from 12 to 14 weeks of age. a Shannon index and observed species of fecal microbiota at the 15 weeks of age (n = 12 per group). b Changes of fecal microbiota. Bacterial taxa at the phylum level are shown (n = 12 per group). c Relative abundance of Firmicutes in fecal microbiota of mice with or without vancomycin treatment (n ≥ 10 per group). d Relative abundance of Clostridiales and Erysipelotrichales in fecal microbiota (n ≥ 10 per group). e Relative abundance of Lactobacillales and L. animalis in fecal microbiota of mice with or without vancomycin treatment (n ≥ 10 per group). f Level of fecal SCFAs: butyric, proprionic, acetic, and heptanoic acids (n ≥ 6 per group). g Spleen and MLN to body weight ratios at 15 weeks of age (n ≥ 6 per group). h Ratio of anti-DNA IgG to total IgG in mouse serum at 15 weeks of age (n ≥ 7 per group). i Level of proteinuria over time (n ≥ 7 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, n.s. not statistically significant