. 2019 Jul 16;20:155. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1115-x

Table 1.

Total volume infused and cardiovascular parameters

Parameter	Group	Initial	Final	p-value
Total volume infused (mL)	RL	–	10.9 [8.2–33.2]	–
	20%ALB	–	4.8 [3.6–7.7]^*
	5%ALB	–	4.3 [3.9–6.6]^*
MAP (mmHg)	RL	133 ± 16	85 ± 10 ^†	0.007^a
	20%ALB	110 ± 24	105 ± 23 ^*
	5%ALB	115 ± 25	112 ± 25
HR (bpm)	RL	418 ± 66	311 ± 116	0.571^a
	20%ALB	445 ± 150	390 ± 176
	5%ALB	375 ± 21	311 ± 116
dIVC (%)	RL	44.3 [36.7–82.1]	21.1 [14.0–23.7]	0.003^a
	20%ALB	61.1 [39.4–92.6]	13.7 [4.1–24.8]
	5%ALB	45.0 [35.0–54.2]	15.4 [11.6–20.6] ^†
SV (mL)	RL	0.28 ± 0.08	0.23 ± 0.07	0.586^a
	20%ALB	0.37 ± 0.11	0.39 ± 0.04
	5%ALB	0.32 ± 0.11	0.26 ± 0.13
LVIDD (cm)	RL	0.33 ± 0.06	0.44 ± 0.12	0.262^a
	20%ALB	0.44 ± 0.07	0.53 ± 0.08 ^†
	5%ALB	0.44 ± 0.08	0.42 ± 0.03
Lactate (mmol/L)	RL	3.0 ± 1.3	6.4 ± 3.1 ^†	0.022^a
	20%ALB	2.2 ± 1.4	2.7 ± 3.1 ^*
	5%ALB	3.2 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 1.5 ^*
Albumin (mg/dL)	RL	–	0.96 [0.65–1.76]	–
	20%ALB	–	2.45 [2.23–2.65]^*
	5%ALB	–	2.26 [1.60–3.30]

Data are shown as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]. RL: Ringer’s lactate; 20%ALB: 20% albumin; 5%ALB: 5% albumin. Comparisons were done using Mauchly’s test of sphericity with repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). If epsilon was > 0.75, the Huynh-Feldt p-value was shown (superscript a); otherwise, the Greenhouse-Geisser p-value was shown (superscript b). Additionally, to compare all parameters among groups at each time point, a mixed linear model based on a random intercept for each animal followed by Bonferroni’s test. For comparison of total volume infused, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. MAP: mean arterial pressure; HR: heart rate: dIVC: distensibility index of the inferior vena cava; SV: stroke volume; LVIDD: left ventricular internal diastolic diameter. * vs RL (p < 0.05); # vs 5%ALB (p < 0.05); ^† vs Initial (p < 0.05)