Table 6.
Farm characteristics of WISC mothers/infants in the farm group
| Characteristic/activity (n = 111 unless otherwise stated) | |
|---|---|
| Farm residence and work status | |
| Live/work on farm | 80% |
| Work only on farm | 16% |
| Unknown | 4% |
| Animals kept on farm | |
| Cows | 77% |
| Cattle (bulls, steers) | 32% |
| Goats | 13% |
| Pigs | 19% |
| Poultry | 32% |
| Horses | 13% |
| Sheep | 6% |
| Other | 11% |
| Number of farm animal species | |
| 1 | 43% |
| 2 | 25% |
| 3 | 14% |
| 4 | 8% |
| 5 | 2% |
| 6 | 1% |
| Unknown | 7% |
| Crops grown and harvested | 88% |
| Mother: regulara direct contact during pregnancy with | |
| Cattle (cows, calves, bulls, steers) | 66% |
| Goats | 7% |
| Pigs | 10% |
| Poultry | 25% |
| Hay | 76% |
| Straw | 63% |
| Feed grain | 66% |
| Silage | 58% |
| Manure | 30% |
| Unknown | 5% |
| 2 month infant (n = 101) | |
| Regular exposure to cattle | 58% |
| Regular exposure to goats | 5% |
| Regular exposure to pigs | 8% |
| Regular exposure to poultry | 11% |
| Regular exposure to forageb | 35% |
| Regular farm milk ingestion | 1% |
| 9 month infant (n = 89) | |
| Regular exposure to cattle | 50% |
| Regular exposure to goats | 9% |
| Regular exposure to pigs | 9% |
| Regular exposure to poultry | 14% |
| Regular exposure to forage | 44% |
| Regular farm milk ingestion | 2% |
aRegular is defined as weekly or greater frequency
bForage is defined as hay, haylage, or silage