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. 2019 Jul 16;11:103. doi: 10.1186/s13148-019-0684-3

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Whole blood DNAm comparison between heterogeneous ASD group (n = 52) and age-, sex-matched controls (n = 30). Following filtering by variance (40,550 sites), limma regression and Mann-Whitney U comparison, no CpG sites meet significance criteria of q ≤ 0.05. The 22 sites shown at uncorrected p < 0.001, |Δβ| ≥ 5% do not distinguish clearly between ASD cases and controls. Hierarchical clustering (Euclidian) and principal component analysis (PCA, first 3 principal components labeled) plot show that 16p11.2del (purple) and CHD8^+/− (orange) cases are mixed with both heterogeneous ASD cases (gray) and controls (green). Data are normalized for visualization (mean = 0, variance = 1). In heat map, yellow represents high methylation and blue represents low methylation