Table 1.
Characteristics, spirometry data, and measurements of acrolein and oxidation for the subjects in the plasma study
| Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | Stage IV | Total COPD (Stage I-IV) |
Non-COPD smokers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (n) | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 47 | 18 |
| Male/Female (n) | 12/0 | 12/0 | 11/0 | 12/0 | 47/0 | 16/2 |
| Age (years) | 74.7±1.7* | 70.1±1.6 | 72.5±1.7 | 70.3±1.2 | 71.9±0.8 | 68.4±1.5 |
| FS/CS (n) | 10/2 | 7/5 | 8/3 | 11/1 | 36/11 | 9/9 |
| Smoking history† (pack-years) | 60.1±8.4 | 49.4±4.0 | 62.3±8.0 | 82.5±9.9*** | 63.6±4.2*** | 45.9±2.0 |
| FEV1 (% pred) | 92.0±3.5 | 67.0±2.0*** | 37.6±3.8*** | 22.9±1.4*** | 56.5±1.7*** | 83.9±2.3 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 62.1±1.1*** | 58.3±1.1*** | 44.3±1.9*** | 34.9±5.9*** | 49.9±1.9 *** | 77.2±1.2 |
| Acrolein (ng/ml) | 135.3±19.2** | 126.7±27.7 | 138.5±53.8 | 288.9±67.4** | 217.9±41.2*** | 67.9±11.2 |
| d-ROM (Unit Carr) | 117.00±9.13 | 105.64±12.37 | 115.44±13.80 | 127.00±18.13 | 114.74±6.37** | 92.81±5.01 |
| BAP (µmol/L) | 5517.72±141.26 | 5250.14±133.89 | 5264.51±170.77 | 5413.93±258.03 | 5350.72±81.78 | 5548.64±103.35 |
Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SE. Stage I~IV indicate the severity of the airflow limitation according to spirometric (GOLD) classifications as follows: all stages had FEV1/FVC <70%; in addition, stage I: %FEV1≥80%; stage II: 50% ≤ %FEV1<80%; stage III: 30% ≤ %FEV1<50%; and stage IV: %FEV1<30%. *P<0.05 vs non-COPD smokers, **P<0.01 vs non-COPD smokers, ***P<0.001 vs non-COPD smokers based on ANOVA. † 10 pack-year is equal to smoking 20 cigarettes (1 pack) per day for 10 year.
Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; d-ROM, reactive oxygen metabolite; BAP, bioantioxidant power; FS, former smoker; CS, current smoker; n, number of subjects.