TABLE 2.

Differences in total energy and nutrient intakes in European adults between screening and baseline as assessed with multiple linear regression and correlation coefficients¹

	Time point2			Correlation coefficient4
	Screening	Baseline	P value3	Crude	Energy adjusted
Total energy, kcal/d	2455 ± 685	2246 ± 730	<0.001	0.61	—
Total fat, g/d	96.4 ± 32.2	89.2 ± 32.8	<0.001	0.59	0.59
Total fat, % energy	35.4 ± 6.2	35.7 ± 5.8	0.423	0.61	0.61
SFAs, g/d	38.1 ± 14.6	35.1 ± 14.6	0.001	0.61	0.64
SFAs, % energy	13.9 ± 3.2	14 ± 3.1	0.78	0.65	0.65
MUFAs, g/d	36.7 ± 13.8	33.9 ± 13.2	<0.001	0.62	0.69
MUFAs, % energy	13.5 ± 3.5	13.6 ± 3.2	0.54	0.72	0.71
PUFAs, g/d	15.3 ± 5.4	14.3 ± 5.8	0.004	0.67	0.67
PUFAs, % energy	5.6 ± 1.3	5.8 ± 1.4	0.13	0.68	0.68
n–3 FAs, g/d	1.8 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.7	0.004	0.65	0.68
Protein, g/d	104 ± 34.3	95 ± 33.1	<0.001	0.63	0.68
Protein, % energy	17.1 ± 3.4	17.2 ± 3.4	0.49	0.71	0.70
Carbohydrates, g/d	288 ± 96.7	259 ± 96.1	<0.001	0.64	0.63
Carbohydrates, % energy	46.8 ± 7.6	46 ± 7.4	0.11	0.65	0.66
Total sugars, g/d	128 ± 47.8	117 ± 48.0	<0.001	0.66	0.72
Total sugars, % energy	21.1 ± 6.1	21 ± 5.9	0.83	0.73	0.73
Fiber, g/d	29.8 ± 12.1	26.8 ± 11.5	<0.001	0.71	0.73
Alcohol, g/d	10.4 ± 12.8	10.3 ± 13.7	0.83	0.89	0.89
Calcium, g/d	1230 ± 478	1110 ± 462	<0.001	0.63	0.69
Folate, μg/d	370 ± 131	338 ± 130	<0.001	0.65	0.70
Iron, mg/d	15.6 ± 5.1	14.2 ± 5	<0.001	0.62	0.63
Carotene, mg/d	6390 ± 5900	5550 ± 4100	0.005	0.7	0.71
Riboflavin, mg/d	2.3 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 0.9	0.001	0.71	0.76
Thiamin, mg/d	2.5 ± 2.3	2.4 ± 2.3	0.34	0.62	0.59
Vitamin B-6, mg/d	2.7 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 0.9	<0.001	0.67	0.69
Vitamin B-12, μg/d	7.7 ± 4.1	7.3 ± 4.1	0.06	0.73	0.75
Vitamin C, mg/d	167 ± 99.7	155 ± 94.3	0.04	0.73	0.76
Vitamin A, mg/d	1660 ± 1080	1510 ± 886	0.008	0.67	0.68
Retinol, μg/d	593 ± 451	582 ± 496	0.65	0.65	0.62
Vitamin D, μg/d	3.8 ± 2.3	3.5 ± 2	0.04	0.67	0.66
Vitamin E, mg/d	11.4 ± 4.3	10.4 ± 4.4	<0.001	0.67	0.70
Salt, g/d	7.2 ± 2.9	6.5 ± 2.7	<0.001	0.65	0.67
Sodium, mg/d	2900 ± 1140	2610 ± 1090	<0.001	0.65	0.67

¹Values represent means ± SDs or percentages, n = 567.

²Mean difference between screening and baseline questionnaires was 2.7 ± 0.9 wk.

³Multiple linear regression between screening and baseline FFQs adjusted for country, time of FFQ completion, age, sex, and total energy at screening.

⁴Spearman correlation coefficient between screening and baseline FFQs. All results were significant to P < 0.001.