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PvAvh74 induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. (A) PvAvh74 induces necrosis at infiltrated sites in N. benthamiana leaves. Images were captured 6 dai. A typical leaf showing necrotic lesions is shown. (B) Necrosis induced by PvAvh74 was observed by trypan blue staining. (C) Quantification of cell death by measurement of electrolyte leakage. Data are means ± SE (standard error) based on three independent replicates (Student’s t-test, ∗∗P < 0.01).
