Table 2.
Measures used to assess social cognition including scales for social functioning.
| Measure name/description | Link/Reference | Task format | Skills assessed (See key) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Referenced in over 20% of search papers | |||
| Pictures of Facial Affect | Ekman and Friesen (55) | Visual | A |
| Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test | Baron-Cohen et al. (56) | C A | |
| Faux Pas Task | Stone et al. (57) | Verbal | |
| Interpersonal Reactivity Index | Davis (58) | Scale | |
| Referenced in at least 10% of search papers | |||
| Hinting Task | Corcoran et al. (59) | Verbal | C |
| Strange Stories | Happé (60) | C A | |
| Intention inference comic strip | Sarfati et al. (61, 62) | Visual | C |
| Sally Anne Task (or similar first- and second-order belief tasks) | Wimmer and Perner (63) e.g., Baron-Cohen et al. (64); Baron Cohen (65) |
||
| Animations Task | Abell et al. (66) | Visual | C A |
| Yoni Task | Shamay-Tsoory and Aharon-Peretz (67) | ||
| The Assessment of Social Inference Test | McDonald et al. (68) | Audiovisual | |
| Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition | Dziobek et al. (69) | ||
| Referenced in 5 to 10% of search papers | |||
| Emotion Quotient (Cambridge Behaviour Scales) | Baron-Cohen et al. (70) | Scale | A |
| Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale | Lane et al. (71) | ||
| Facial Emotion Recognition Test | Anderson et al. (72) | Visual | |
| Facial Emotion and Perception test | Langenecker et al. (73) | ||
| Facial Expressions of Emotion FEEST | Surguladze et al. (74) | ||
| Spy test | Hala et al. (75) | C | |
| Referenced in up to 5% of search papers | |||
| False belief and deception task | Frith and Corcoran (76) | Verbal | C |
| Pragmatic Story Comprehension Task | Langdon and Coltheart (77) | ||
| False belief and false photo vignettes | Saxe and Kanwisher (78) | ||
| False photo task | Zaitchik (79) | ||
| Conflicting beliefs and emotions | Shaw et al. (80) | C A | |
| Violation of social norms task | Berthoz et al. (81) | ||
| Joke stories | Uekermann et al. (82) | ||
| Friend–foe judgment | Watanabe et al. (83) | Audiovisual | C A |
| Interpersonal perception task | Costanzo and Archer (84) | ||
| Social Cue Recognition Test and Situational features recognition task | Corrigan et al. (85) | ||
| Interpersonal perception task | Sergi et al. (86) | ||
| Facial emotion identification task, Facial emotion discrimination test, Vocal emotion identification task | Kerr and Neale (87) | Audiovisual | A |
| Bell–Lysaker emotion recognition test | Bell et al. (88) | ||
| Videotape affect perception test | Bellack et al. (89) | ||
| Aprosodia battery | Blonder et al. (90) | ||
| Florida Affect Battery | Bowers et al. (91) | ||
| Comprehensive affect testing system | Froming et al. (92) | ||
| Emotional communication | Schneider et al. (93, 94) | ||
| Mayer–Salovey–Caruso emotional intelligence test | Mayer et al. (95) | Visual (and verbal) | C A |
| Heider and Simmell animations | Heider and Simmell (96) | Visual | |
| Picture sequencing | Langdon and Coltheart (97) | ||
| Visual jokes | Thompson et al. (98) | ||
| Cartoons | Snowden et al. (99) | ||
| Humorous cartoons | Eddy et al. (100) | ||
| Picture sequences | Baron-Cohen et al. (101) | ||
| Cartoon jokes | Corcoran et al. (102) | ||
| Profile of Non-verbal Sensitivity | Rosenthal et al. (103) | ||
| Four factor tests of social intelligence | Bertrand et al. (104) | Visual (mainly) | |
| Nowicki–Duke facial affect recognition | Nowicki and Duke (105) | Visual | A |
| Emotional perspective taking task | Derntl et al. (106) | ||
| Vienna emotion recognition tasks | Seidel et al. (107) | ||
| Facial affect discrimination | Fakra et al. (108) | ||
| Penn faces—facial affect recognition from battery (ER-40) | Gur et al. (109) | ||
| Ackerer face tasks | Jehna et al. (110) | ||
| Nim stim facial expressions | Tottenham et al. (111) | ||
| Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces | Lundqvist et al. (112) | ||
| Emotion recognition test | Jehna et al. (113) | ||
| Multifaceted empathy test | Dziobek et al. (114) | ||
| Knower guesser test | Povinelli et al. (115) | Visual | C |
| Ice cream van task/Cigarettes task | Baron-Cohen (65) | ||
| Gaze direction task | Calder et al. (116) | ||
| Attribution of intention task | Verdon et al. (117) | ||
| Ambiguous intentions attributions questionnaire | Combs et al. (118) | Scale | C |
| E scale | Leibetseder et al. (119) | A | |
| Emotional response scale | Batson et al. (120) | ||
| Mehrabian empathy scale | Mehrabian and Epstein (121) | ||
| Toronto empathy questionnaire | Spreng et al. (122) | ||
| Social adjustment scale II | Schooler et al. (123) | F | |
| Social behavior scale | Wykes and Sturt (124) | ||
| Social Dysfunction index | Munroe-Blum et al. (125) | ||
| Zigler Social competence scale | Zigler and Levine (126) | ||
| Theory of mind assessment scale | Bosco et al. (127) | ||
| Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy | Reniers et al. (128) | ||
| Social cognition and functioning | Olbert et al. (129) | ||
| Inventory of interpersonal problems | Beeney et al. (130) | ||
| Social problem solving inventory | D’Zurilla et al. (131) | ||
| Assessment of interpersonal problem solving skills | Donahoe et al. (132) | Role play | F |
| Simulated social interaction test | Curran (133) | ||
| C, Only/primarily assesses understanding of cognitive mental states; A, Only/primarily assesses understanding of emotions/affective mental states; F, explores functioning across a range of everyday situations. | |||