Table 2. Discriminant coefficient, standardized discriminant coefficient, partial F-value, and P-value for each of the 11 variables selected in the stepwise analysis for the discriminant function to separate faces in the older group and younger group in the resting posture.

For definition of the variables, please see S1 Appendix, S1–S6 Figs.

Facial characteristics to discriminate younger vs. older groups in the resting posture	Discriminant coefficient	Standardized discriminant coefficient	Partial F-value	P-value (F-value)	Structure matrix
Greater sagging of skin in orbital and infraorbital regions in older group (Ex-Ac//z_|L1-L2|/L1^L2, right)	-0.42	-0.45	52.11	4E-11	-0.26
Greater sagging of skin in cheeks of zygomatic region in older group (Prn//axial_|P|, left)	-0.28	-0.56	18.82	3E-05	-0.16
Greater sagging of facial outline relative to the deepest point of nasofrontal region in older group (N//axial_|P|, left)	-0.16	-0.30	12.37	0.0006	-0.13
More protruded position of nasal ala relative to outer corners of eyes in older group (Ex-Ac//z_∠L1-L2, left)	-0.15	-0.61	10.47	0.0015	-0.12
Greater facial width at eyebrow level in older group (Gla//axial_|E-E|)	-0.12	-0.72	13.59	0.0003	0.13
Vertically longer subnasal region in older group (Ac-Ch//z_|L1-L2|, left)	0.20	0.61	25.06	2E-06	0.18
Greater facial width at base of lower lip level in older group (Li//axial_|E-E|)	0.12	0.95	44.85	6E-10	0.24
Flabby cheeks at the level of the chin in older group (Sm//axial_∠E-P-M, right)	0.09	0.37	45.03	6E-10	0.24
Flabby cheeks at the level of the upper lip in older group (Ls//axial_∠E-P-M, right)	0.07	0.35	47.19	3E-10	0.25
Greater sagittal protrusion of orbital and infraorbital regions in older group (En-Ac//z_∫(L1-L2))	0.19	0.29	58.28	5E-12	0.27
More convex upper lip curvature from lateral view in older group (Prn//sagittal_v12)	0.08	0.54	101.38	< 2.22e-16	0.36
Constant	6.35