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. 2019 Jul 10;10:1590. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01590

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Copyright © 2019 Mahmoudi, Yu, Liu, Pierson and Pierson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Colonization by phenazine-producing strains improved seedling survival and recovery from drought stress. Wheat seedlings were grown unstressed for 21 days in cones containing autoclaved soil inoculated either with 30-84Enh, 30-84WT, or 30-84ZN, or no inoculum (control). After this establishment period, plants were not watered for 7 days (A, moderate water-deficit experiment) or 10 days (B, severe water-deficit experiment). All plants were then watered and survival and recovery index were determined after 7 days of well-watered conditions. Survival was expressed as the percentage of plants surviving the Moderate or Severe water-deficit after 7 days of recovery. Recovery Index was based on the amount of above ground tissue recuperated (RI-0 = no recovery, RI-1 = slight new growth, RI-2 = recovery of partial leaf, RI-3 = recovery of one or more entire leaves). Data are the means and standard errors (Blocks = 4, Reps = 20). Values with the same letter do not differ statistically as determined by a Fishers protected Least Significantly Difference (LSD) test (P > 0.05).