Table 1.
Various types of nano-composite electrospun fibers.
| Types of additives | Bioactive additives | Polymer matrixes | Advantages | Directions for future development | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceramics | Ca-P based components | HAp nanoparticles | PCL; COL; CS; SF; cellulose; PLA; GEL; PLGA | Major constituent of natural bone; promoting osteogenesis | Finding proper proportion to improve mechanical properties | Bottino et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2014; Lai et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2016; Ao et al., 2017 |
| β-TCP | PGS; PCL; CS | Ideal resorbability; promoting osteogenesis | Improving diameter, porosity, and contact angle | Masoudi et al., 2017 | ||
| Ca-Si based components | BGs | PCL; CS; GEL; COL; PVA | Releasing Ca2+ ions and silicate; promoting osteogenesis | Enhancing efficacy of osteogenesis activity | Zhou et al., 2017b | |
| Oxides | ZnO | PCL | Antibacterial activity; promoting osteogenesis | Ensuring non-toxicity | Nasajpour et al., 2018 | |
| CaO | PCL | Promoting osteogenesis | Improving mechanical properties | Münchow et al., 2015b | ||
| Carbon-based components | MWNTs | PLGA; PLA | Improving the strength and toughness; promoting osteogenesis | Solving non-resorbability | Zhang et al., 2018 | |
| GO | P34HB | Improving mechanical strength; antibacterial activity; promoting osteogenesis | Solving non-resorbability | Zhou et al., 2017a | ||
| Metal components | AgNPs | CS | Excellent antibacterial activity | Ensuring non-toxicity | Shao et al., 2017 | |
| AuNPs | / | Promoting osteogenesis | Further exploring AuNPs incorporated nanofibers | Jadhav et al., 2018 | ||
| Drugs | Antibiotics | MNZ; ampicillin; amoxicillin; tetracycline hydrochloride; doxycycline hydrochloride; tinidazole | PLA; PLGA; GEL; COL | Ideal antibacterial activity | Improving releasing profile | Reise et al., 2012 |
| NSAIDs | Ibuprofen; piroxicam | PCL; CS; PVA | Anti-inflammation activity | Improving releasing profile | Batool et al., 2018 | |
| Growth factors | BMP; PDGF | COL | Promoting osteogenesis | Enhancing delivery efficacy and biological activity | Ho et al., 2017 | |
| Proteins | AMPs; | PLGA; CS; GEL | Antibacterial activity | Guaranteeing biological activity | He et al., 2018b | |
| Fibronectin | PLGA | Enhancing cell recognition | Improving connection method | Campos et al., 2014 | ||